おたふくかぜ～耳下腺がはれて、食欲が落ちる～

otafukukaze

おたふくかぜはこんな病気

耳の下からあごにかけてが腫れる

おたふくかぜの症状
ムンブスウイルスの感染で耳下腺（じかせん）が腫れて痛くなる病気です。

正しくは「流行性耳下腺炎」といいます。

腫れるのは片方だけのこともありますが、数日後に反対側も腫れてくることが多いようです。

両方のほおとあごがぷっくりしておたふくのお面のように見えるのがおたふくかぜと呼ばれる由来です。

おたふくかぜにかかると耳下腺だけでなく、しばしばほかのだ液腺（顎下腺〈がっかせん〉・舌下腺〈ぜっかせん〉）も同時に炎症を起こします。熱は38~39度ぐらいになることもありますが、出ないことも。

はれた部分は、ふれるとややかたくなっていて痛みを伴いますが、２～３日目がピークで、その後１週間～１０日で治まります。

ムンプスウイルスは、耳下腺やだ液腺だけでなく、すい臓や睾丸（こうがん）、卵巣などの内分泌腺（ないぶんぴつせん）、脳や髄膜（ずいまく）、脊髄（せきずい）などを侵し、合併症を起こすことがあります。

１才になれば、任意ですが予防接種を受けることができます。

合併症の心配も多いので、受けておくといいでしょう。




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おたふくかぜの症状

耳の下のはれと痛み、発熱が現れる

おたふくかぜの症状
ウイルスに感染してから２～３週間後に、耳の下からあごにかけての部分がはれてきて、押すと痛がります。

左右同時にはれることも多いのですが、最初は片方だけはれ、１～３日後にもう一方がはれてくる場合もあります。

その一方で、感染してもほとんど症状が出ないケースも３～４割ほどあります。

症状があまり出ず、かかったかどうかはっきりしないときは抗体検査を受けるといいでしょう。

無菌性髄膜炎や難聴などの合併症に要注意

おたふくかぜで注意したいのは、合併症です。

発病して４～１０日たっても熱が下がらず、頭痛や嘔吐（おうと）などの症状が伴うときは、無菌性髄膜炎（むきんせいずいまくえん）を併発していることも考えられるので、すぐに病院へ。

また、すい臓の炎症のために強い腹痛が起こることもありますが、耳下腺のはれが引くころには治ります。

そのほか、難聴の後遺症を残すこともあるので、呼んでも振り返らない、テレビの音をしきりに大きくしたがる、など聴覚に異常が見られたら、病院で聴力の検査をしてもらいましょう。

思春期以降に感染すると、男の子は睾丸炎、女の子は卵巣炎を起こすことがあります。

おたふくかぜの治療とケア

やわらかく食べやすいメニューを工夫して

だ液腺が炎症を起こしているため、だ液が出にくく消化能力も落ちています。

ものをかむときにはれたところが痛むため、スープやプリンなど、やわらかく、のどごしのいいメニューを用意してあげましょう。

口の中が荒れやすくなっているので、食後の湯冷ましや麦茶を与えて清潔にしてあげてください。

はれや痛みがあるときは冷やしてあげて

otafukukaze3
いやがらなければほおやあごなどに冷たいタオルなどを当て、はれた部分を冷やすといいでしょう。

はれが引くまでは外出を避け、家で静かに過ごします。

お風呂は熱が下がって１日経ってから入るようにしてください。

合併症の心配もあるので、必ず受診しましょう。

病院では、痛みが強いときは鎮痛剤が処方されるなど、対症的な療法が行われます。




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